Coles supermarket Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Analyse the business environment for Coles supermarket chain. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Coles is a national supermarket chain; liquor, fuel and convenience retailer in Australia. It was acquired in 2007 by Wesfarmers, â€Å"a diversified Australian company with strong, established market positions and recognised brands with the objective of delivering satisfactory returns to shareholders† (Wesfarmers, 2013, p.4).. According to Wesfarmers (2013), Cole’s sole purpose has been to give the Australian people a shop they can trust, to deliver quality, value and service. The main sources of business include the following: 756 full service supermarkets 810 liquor outlets fewer than three brand and 92 hotels 636 fuel and convenience stores More than 99,000 team members As of 2013, according to Wesfarmers (2013), Coles operating results and drivers were: Revenue of $35.8 billion, up 4.9 per cent EBIT of $1,533 million, up 13.1 per cent Return on capital of 9.5 per cent, up from 8.7 per cent Total food and liquor sales growth of 5.5 per cent and comparative store sales growth of 4.3 per cent Over four years of industry outperformance Continued investment in customer value funded from cost reductions and business efficiencies Continued investment in product quality particularly fresh categories Ongoing transformation of the supply chain Launch of 90 more stores in renewal format and opening of 6 larger format stores and net space growth of 1.6 per cent Good progress on multi-channel initiatives including trials of new Coles Online website Growth in financial services including Coles Insurance and flybuys loyalty program Strong customer response to fuel offers and better range and value in the convenience store network 1.2 Scope and Approach This essay takes a critical look at the company, its current position, the internal capabilities, and its external environment, and considers strategic changes necessary to ensure Coles maintains its traditional offering of long term value creation. In developing this Business Analysis for Coles, the following tools have been used to assess present and future performance of the company: Situational Analysis, PEST Analysis, SWOT Analysis, 5 Forces Analysis Furthermore, this essay gives consideration to the current growth strategies adopted by the company and questions if these practices are the best options going forward, for delivering sustainability of the group’s strategic framework. 2.0 Situational Analysis 2.1 Internal Market Audit According to its 2013 sustainability report, Coles’ business focused on six key areas to improve its sustainability: Training and development of its team Customer trust in the produce range, value and quality Water savings and energy efficiency of the stores Workplace safety Supporting the local communities in which we operate Working with suppliers to further develop strong sustainable relationships. 2.1.1 Present Business Review Wesfarmers’ â€Å"operating model is focused on ensuring each of its Group’s divisions has a very strong management capability and day-to-day operational autonomy, overseen by divisional boards and a well-established Group-wide framework where governance processes are coordinated over a 12-month operating cycle. This approach encourages strong accountability for operating results and assurance in areas such as: Strategic planning, Budgeting and monitoring of performance; Risk management, including internal audit and insurance protection; Group-wide human resource management systems such as executive remuneration and share schemes, talent development and key role succession planning; Centralised statutory accounting, tax, treasury and legal support.† (Wesfarmers 2013, p. 6) Coles’ revenue in 2013 was $35.8billion, an increase of 4.9 per cent from the previous year. Its five year financial history report (See Appendix1) shows a steady growth in revenue generation. â€Å"Coles delivered earnings growth of 13.1 per cent to $1,533 million, building on the 16.3 per cent and 21.2 per cent earnings growth in the 2012 and 2011 financial years respectively† (Wesfarmers 2013, p. 3). Figure 1: Five year Revenue Increase Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013, Annual reports. Coles’ proposed strategies and prospects are to: Embark on second wave of transformation with a focus on quality, service and value. And take advantage of further store renewal opportunities, supply chain transformation and operating efficiencies; as well as investment in category innovation, Coles brand and development, multi-channel integration and a tailored loyalty offer and a culture of continuous improvement. â€Å"In 2013, the Coles turnaroun d strategy produced strong trading results by improving quality, service and value. The business continued to out-perform the industry and successfully completed the final year of a five-year turnaround plan† (Wesfamers, 2013, p.25) 2.1.2 Customer Analysis From its various outlets nationally Coles handles more than 19 million customer transactions a week. Coles claims its customer-focused strategy continues to improve in efficiency and productivity, while investing in lower prices, delivering better quality through its ‘Australian First’ sourcing policy and developing a stronger store base through new store openings and renewing existing stores contributed to it steady revenue growth as the financial indicators have shown. â€Å"The transformation of Coles since its acquisition has progressed with operational efficiencies and continued fund reinvestment in price. As well as a sustained turnaround of the business, providing benefits for consumers, suppliers and employees for the past five years thus, delivering a much stronger platform for future growth† (Wesfarmers 2013, p.25). 2.1.3 Financial Analysis As of the last 2012/2013 financial year, Coles was able to generate earnings before interest and Tax (EBIT) of $1,533m as can be seen in figure 2 below. Figure 2: EBIT Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports. Tables 1 2 below show the key financial indicators and Coles’ performance over the past few years. Table 1: Key Financial data Coles 2012 2013 Revenue $m 35,780 34,117 Earnings before interest and tax $m 1,533 1,356 Segment assets $m 20,367 19,940 Segment liabilities $m 4,145 3,676 Capital employed $m 16,114 15,572 Return on capital employed % 9.5 8.7 Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports Table 2: Key Financial Indicators For the year ended 30 June 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Revenue ($m) 28,799 30,002 32,073 34,117 35,780 Earnings before interest and tax ($m) 831 962 1,166 1,356 1,533 Capital employed (R12) ($m) 15,140 14,886 15,018 15,572 16,114 Return on capital employed (%) 5.5 6.5 7.8 8.7 9.5 Capital expenditure ($m) 606 683 840 1,218 1,181 Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports. As reported in the Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports and shown in table1 above it can be observed that, for year 2012/2013, Coles has generated a healthy return on capital employed (ROE) of 9.5%, and improvement from 8.7% for the previous year. An increase in capital expenditure and liabilities has been due to the company’s support for net capital investments across the Group. This is up to an increase of $1.5 billion to $1.9 billion in 2014. â€Å"The group also managed strong credit ratings with Moody’s Investor Service upgrading Wesfarmers’ issuer and senior unsecured long-term debt rating from Baa1 (positive) to A3 (stable) consistent with the Group’s credit rating from Standard and Poor’s of A- (stable)†¦ It settled all outstanding debt in the name of the Coles group and continued to neutralise the dilution that would otherwise have occurred from the Dividend Investment Plan and Employee Share plans†(Wesfarmers 2013, p. 13). Interests, income and expenditure are however not allocated to operating segments at Wesfarmers. This type of activity is managed on a group basis. Revenue and earnings of various divisions are also affected by the effect of high seasonality such as, for the retail divisions like Coles, earnings are typically greater in the December half of the financial year due to the impact of the Christmas holiday shopping period on the retail business. 2.2 External Market Audit Given the nature and scale of Coles’ business, the impact of macro and micro forces on its operations is considered to be relatively large compared to the standard in the industry. The external market has been assessed based on PEST analysis and Competitor analysis. 2.2.1 PEST Analysis To explore how the macro environment has impacted the supermarket chain industry and Coles specifically, a PEST analysis has been used, which consists of Political, Economic, Social and Technology factors as shown below. Figure 3: PEST ANALYSIS – Coles Group Ltd Source: Author. i. Political Factors The supermarket chain industry attracts a great deal of attention from the government, non-governmental organizations and even advocacy groups. Due to the size of the industry and how significant a component of the economy and social welfare of countries it is, it has trigged debates on the future and current state of the industry on a global basis. The industry is mature in many countries and in Australia, it is considered a ‘duopoly’, which is a market situation where â€Å"two companies own all or nearly all of the market for a similar product or service† (Kumar Sharma 1998, p.229). With regards to Coles and the supermarket chain industry in Australia, the political situation as described in the preceding paragraph holds true. According to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Australia is one of the largest importers of grocery products and its a key contributor to the economy of neighbouring countries. Coles is also an equal opportuni ties employer which provides equal employment opportunities nationwide. Coles also sources products responsibly and contribute positively to the communities in which it operates. Other political factors that have an impact can include: Government initiatives and subsidies for local produce and foreign export policies Legislation for local farmers’ protection Market deregulation for foreign groceries to compete ii. Economic Factors The Supermarket chain industry is a high-risk industry, which requires a substantial strategic planning process, customer satisfaction and significant investment. To compete many companies have pursued alliances and joint ventures with shared facilities and outright buy outs to maintain the cost. The global recession of the past years has also had a significant impact on smaller retailers and the supermarket industry as a whole. Other economic factors that have had an impact include: Rise in currency rates Competition from developing countries Competitor rivalry Mergers and Acquisitions of big players Market seasonality and trade cyclesSupplier and customer drivers iii. Social Factors Aging populations and longer life expectancies, changing taste, healthy living styles and specific dietary requirements have increased demand for more organic food, and have been an important factor in the growth of new brands. In the US and UK, greater life expectancy will depend on diet, exercise and a positive attitude to life and increasing knowledge, according to Newell et al (2006). The Australian government’s plays an important role in promoting exercise, healthy living and a positive culture, which in effect can reduce consumption of certain brands and product demographics for Coles. iv. Technological Factors Increased use of the Internet has helped to reduce media costs and also made room for increase innovation in the supermarket chain industry. Coles has capitalised on the internet to continue to develop its online sales platform which has thus managed to attract interest from younger audiences and increased sales significantly. 2.2.2 Competitor Analysis 5 Forces The Five Forces model developed by Michael Porter provides a frame work to identify the competitive nature of an industry. Even though extremely subjective, a broad Five Forces analysis indicates that competitive rivalry within the supermarket chain industry is medium in Australia. Figure 4: Porter’s Five Forces Model Source: Author Based on the research and competitive analysis carried out and relative to Porter’s five analyses as shown in figure4, it can be observed that: As a known fact that, â€Å"Australia’s grocery markets is one of the most concentrated in the world, Woolworths and Wesfarmers (owner of Coles) account for almost 80% of supermarket sales, 60% of alcohol retail, 50% of petrol retail and 40% of all retail in Australia† (Ethical Consumer Group 2014). With their large market share they have and continue to exert considerable influence over suppliers and make the playing field extremely tough for much smaller independ ent retailers such as IGA, Foodland, 7-Eleven, Lucky 7, BP and several other liquor retailers. See figure 5 below. Figure 5: Australian Grocery Market Share Source: Ferrier Hodgson Ferrier’s Focus May 2011 from Wesfarmers and Woolworths annual reports 2010, NARGA November 2010 Report, Master Grocers Australia December 2010 Thus, Coles has only one major competitor – Woolworths; and a few direct competitors such as Aldi and Metcash. These four, Coles inclusive make up the big players in the industry. With each of them having a different and unique operating model, competitor rivalry is therefore high to medium. The market concentration of private label brands from these giants have been blamed for Australia having the fastest rising grocery prices in the developed world. Threat of substitution is therefore also high to medium because there are only four main competitors with similar prices. This is the same reason why customer bargaining power is me dium to low, and threat of market entry to compete with the big four is very low. Other competition therefore can only come from local harvests, independent grocers and small supermarkets and recently Costco. 3.0 SWOT Analysis As a result of the internal and external market audits undertaken, a complementing SWOT analysis for Coles’ group will help to evaluate areas of strength, weaknesses, growth opportunities and threats for the company. Results are shown in figure 5 below: Figure 6: SWOT Analysis for Coles Group Source: Author 4.0 Conclusion In conclusion, there are no real threats or key issues for Coles presently except for the recurrent price wars with its major competitor and concerns about the sustainability of these battles. With continuous market dominance however, leading to Australias powerful supermarket duopoly, this could be termed as inhospitable and leaving consumers to revel in cheaper staples. A key to survival of any business is the need to increase revenue and reduce dependence upon financing via debt bearing instruments. Coles, in respect to these strategic options is already in the process of developing new initiatives by reducing its debts and focusing on quality, service and value. Coles is in the forefront of innovation by taking advantage of further store renewal opportunities, supply chain transformation and a strategic approach to improved operational efficiencies and continued fund reinvestment in price. Reference List Ethical Consumer Group 2014, viewed 08 May 2014, www.ethical.org.au/get-informed/issues/supermarkets-in-australia/ Kumar, R Sharma, R 1998, Managerial Economics, New Delhi: India Atlantic Publishers Distributors Newell, RG, Jaffe, AB Stavins RN 2006, ‘The effects of economic and policy incentives on carbon mitigation technologies’, Energy Economics, vol. 28, p. 563 – 578. Wesfarmers, 2013, Wesfarmers Annual Report 2013. viewed 08 May 2014, https://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/14/144042/wes/WESFARMERS%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%202013.pdf Bibliography Brownlee II, ER, Ferris KR Haskins ME 1990, Corporate Financial Reporting: Text and Cases, Boston: BPI/Irwin, Grant, RM 2010, Contemporary Strategy Analysis, 7th edn, West Sussex, UK.: John Wiley Sons Ltd, Johnson, G, Scholes, K Whittington, R 2009, Fundamentals of Strategy, Essex, England: Pearson Education Kruger, C, Greenblat E Butler, B 2012, ‘Its all shelf interest in a price war’, Sidney Morning Herald, 21 April, viewed 08 May 2014, https://www.smh.com.au/business/its-all-shelf-interest-in-a-price-war-20120420-1xcms.html#ixzz31Bc7Z5gu Mableson, T Stewart, J 2011, Supermarket shootout: Will the independents survive?, Ferriers Focus, p.2. Porter, ME 2004, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York: Free Press,. Slack, N, Chambers, S, Johnston, R Betts, A 2009, Operations and Process Management: Principles and Practice for Strategic Impact, 2nd edn, Pearson Education, Essex, England. Stuart Alexander 20 14, viewed 09 May 2014, https://www.stuartalexander.com.au/aust_grocery_market_woolworths_coles_wholesale.php Wickham, PA 2004, Management Consulting Delivering an Effective Project, 2nd edn, Essex, England : Pearson Education Zehner, D Sanders, M 2012, The new reality for grocery suppliers in Australia, Bain Company, viewed 14 May 2014, https://www.bain.com/offices/australia/en_us/publications/new-reality-for-grocery-suppliers-in-australia.aspx Appendix : 5 year financial History All figures in $m unless shown otherwise 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Summarised Income Statement Sales revenue 59,422 57,685 54,513 51,485 50,641 Other operating revenue 410 395 362 342 341 Operating revenue 59,832 58,080 54,875 51,827 50,982 Operating profit before depreciation and amortisation, finance costs and income tax 4,729 4,544 4,155 3,786 3,803 Depreciation and amortisation (1,071) (995) (923) (917) (856) EBIT 3,658 3,549 3,232 2,869 2,947 Finance costs (432) (505) (526) (654) (951) Income tax expense (965) (918) (784) (650) (474) Operating profit after income tax attributable to members of Wesfarmers Limited 2,261 2,126 1,922 1,565 1,522 Capital And Dividends Ordinary shares on issue (number) 000s as at 30 June 1,157,194 1,157,072 1,157,072 1,157,072 1,157,072 Paid up ordinary capital as at 30 June 23,290 23,286 23,286 23,286 23,286 Fully-franked dividend per ordinary share (declared) (cents) 180 165 150 125 110 Financial Performance Earnings per share (weighted average) (cents) 195.9 184.2 166.7 135.7 158.5 Earnings per share growth 6.4% 10.5% 22.8% (14.4%) (9.0%) Return on average ordinary shareholders equity (R12) 8.9% 8.4% 7.7% 6.4% 7.3% Fixed charges cover (R12) (times) 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.2 Net interest cover cash basis (R12) (times) 12.2 10.8 9.5 6.8 5.0 Financial Position As At 30 June Total assets 43,155 42,312 40,814 39,236 39,062 Total liabilities 17,133 16,685 15,485 14,542 14,814 Net assets 26,022 25,627 25,329 24,694 24,248 Net tangible asset backing per ordinary share $4.69 $4.45 $4.12 $3.61 $3.13 Net debt to equity 20.2% 19.1% 17.1% 16.3% 18.3% Total liabilities/total assets 39.7% 39.4% 37.9% 37.1% 37.9% STOCK MARKET CAPITALISATION AS AT 30 JUNE 45,936 34,846 36,913 33,171 26,337 Source: Adopted from West farmers 2013 Annual Report

Employee Training and Development, Cultural diversity - 1375 Words

Employee Training and Development, Cultural diversity, Legal implications (Essay Sample) Content: CourseNameUniversityEmployee training and development An organization is likely to expand its horizons if cultural diversity is encouraged within it. Providing employees from different backgrounds with a platform to share their ideas and business practices with a company has its advantages. First, it becomes easier for a business to solve the problems affecting it. A company is also likely to keep growing as different ideas that help in its development is brought up. When they are adopted, a company can be able to reach out to other clients who require such services, from those backgrounds and cultures. Adopting new business practices enables a company to reach out to new markets. On the employees level, it reduces monotony at the workplace. Employees can undertake new and fun activities that motivate them to work harder and thus be more efficient and productive at the workplace.Cultural diversity demands that no prospective employee shall be denied an opportunity by their background. This includes race, ethnicity, color, religion, among others. When presented with equal opportunities, people from different cultures can work in the same company and deliver efficiently, as long as they have the required skills. Good performance in the workplace is not informed by a persons culture. For this reason, it is important to come up with a cultural diversity training course.Providing a cultural diversity training course is an important thing to do today. This is because of globalization in the world today (Lum Tehranian, 2006). However, in drafting a good cultural diversity training course, ethics and the law must be followed to the latter. This paper examines the ethical as well as the cultural issues of this work, which comprise of the legal implications in coming up with a training course that deeply talk about culture and the laws regarding set of laws has to be taken care of.There are legal consequences that come up when one creates a training c ourse that examines culture. First of all, the law prohibits discrimination against employees or customers by their sex, age, culture or religion. Training an organizations employees in areas of cultural diversity saves an organization from scandals and lawsuits emanating from differences in culture. For example, an employee may discriminate a client by their race. Once the customer files a lawsuit, it will be difficult for an organization to drag its reputation out of the case and blame the individual employee responsible. To avoid this, cultural diversity training is crucial for any company.Legal implications refer to the results of being involved in an issue, as determined by the law. They can be positive or negative. A positive effect of conducting cultural diversity training is that a company can serve the clients equally. Employees who are taught about the advantages of having a diverse culture at the worker place are more tolerant than those who have not. They can understand that customers are bound to be different. They get to know that the needs of the clients are varied and, therefore, learn to offer the best services to the customers. Clients who are happy with the service delivery of a company are likely to seek more services from the said company. This aids in the retention of customers and more referrals to an organization from satisfied clients. Another positive impact of cultural diversity training is that it promotes teamwork in an organization. In organizations that are made up of an employee from various backgrounds, teaching the benefits of cultural diversity is crucial. Employees are instilled with more cooperative attitudes. This makes them well-equipped to work towards the set goals. They can relate well despite their social differences at the workplace. Respect is paramount, and when it is present at the workplace, conflict is not likely to emerge. Employees treat each other with respect despite their cultural differences. They learn to appreciate these differences as they come with various strengths. When these strengths are combined, more efficiency leading to high productivity is noted at the organization.Some laws and regulations need to be adhered to in the creation of a cultural diversity training course. One such law is the law on equality. The Equality Act 2010 should be adhered to. A trainer should aim to impart knowledge to all. There should be no room for discrimination. No one should be treated differently due to their age, gender, ethnicity, race or religious beliefs. The skills that are imparted to people of sound health and body are the same skills that should be given to the physically disabled people. People should not be given conflicting knowledge depending on who they are in the society. A trainer should never withhold information from an individual due to their race (Landau Beigbeder, 2008). Another law is the Freedom of Worship. The trainer should not discriminate any trainee by their religi on. The trainees should not be given the wrong information about a particular religion. This will enhance discrimination among them. Instead, they should be taught about the importance of cultural diversity. There are a lot of things to learn from each other due to the differences people bear, and this has more advantages than disadvantages when examined from a positive angle.Demographic diversity refers to the notable differences among a certain population from other groups of people. For example, the demographic population can be made up of people of a particular age group, race or religious faith. Demographic diversity of the workforce in an organization affects planning of different forms of cultural diversity. This happens because everyone demands respect for their culture. Therefore as a trainer, I need to treat each demographic population with equal measure (Landy Conte, 2010). The impact of demographic diversity in the employee position shows that relationship between the r acial and ethnic minorities of the general people involving woman in the high rank positions; manager, is noticed to be negatively regulated in relation the total employee work satisfactions. Racial as well as ethnic classes of employees are mostly satisfied with the positions they hold in any organization. This happens when there is a form of hierarchy with a lot of levels in an organization. In this case, it can be noticed that that there is no high demand in the gender diversity when it comes to job satisfaction that concerns men and woman which are obviously found. Also, the rate of diversity moderates the association of gender diversity, however, when procedures of justice are followed, it will indicate that leadership in an organization puts employees under moderation (Landy Conte, 2010).Demographic diversity can also affect discussions on culture if members of a particular group feel that their background is better than that of others. This should be discouraged. Workers sho uld be taught that no culture is superior to another, and neither culture is inferior. The cultures should co-exist in an environment that views them as equal, for this will bring about more advantages to the organization (Landy Conte, 2010).There ethical implications that should be considered in creating a cultural diversity training course. Ethics such as equality should be given priority. No culture should be idolized as all are equal. Trainees should not be forced to believe that one culture is superior to another. Instead, they should be taught to understand that diversity...

The Definition of Deviance Amplification

Deviance amplification is a process, often performed by the mass media, in which the extent and seriousness of deviant behavior is exaggerated. The effect is to create a greater awareness and interest in deviance which results in more deviance being uncovered, giving the impression that the initial exaggeration was actually a true representation. Leslie T. Wilkins originally reported on the process of deviant amplification in 1964 but it was popularized by Stanely Cohens book  Folk Devils and Moral Panic,  published in 1972. What Is Deviant Behavior? Deviant behavior is a broad term because it covers anything that goes against social norms. This could mean anything from minor crimes like graffiti  to more serious crimes like robbery. Adolescent deviant behavior is often a source of deviance amplification. Local news will sometimes report on a something like a new teen drinking game, implying it is a popular trend instead of the actions of one group. This kind of reporting can sometimes start the trends they were reporting on although each new act will add credence to the initial report.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Deviant Amplification Process Deviant amplification usually starts when one act that is either illegal or against social morals that wouldnt normally be worth of media attention becomes newsworthy. The incident is reported on as being part of a pattern. Once an incident becomes the focus of the media, other similar stories that normally wouldnt make the news fall under this new media focus and become newsworthy. This begins to create the pattern that was initially reported on. The reports can also make the action seem cool or socially acceptable, leading to more people to try it, which reinforces the pattern. It can be hard to prove when deviant amplification is happening because each new event seems to validate the initial claim.   Sometimes citizens will pressure law enforcement and government to take action against the perceived  deviant threat. This can mean anything from the passage of new laws to harsher punishments and sentences on existing laws. This pressure from the citizens often requires  law enforcement to put more resources into an issue that it actually warrants. One of the main problems with deviance amplification is that it makes a problem seem much larger than it is. Which in the process can help create a problem where there was none.  Deviance amplification can be part of a moral panic but they do not always cause them.   This hyper-focus on minor issues can also cause communities to miss larger issues they need to be focusing attention and resources on. It can make social issues harder to solve because all of the focus is going to an event that was artificially created. The deviant amplification process can also cause certain social groups to be discriminated against if the behavior is tied to that group.

Virtue and Prince - 4449 Words

The Prince is concerned with autocratic regimes Autocracy regime Regime autocracy a mode or system of rule or government of or relating to an absolute and unrestricted ruler a ruling or prevailing system. domineering or dictatorial a government in power. Wikipedia The Qualities of a Prince (Chapters 14-19) Each of the following chapters presents a discussion about a particular virtue or vice that a prince might have, and is therefore structured in a way which appears like traditional advice for a prince. However the advice is far from traditional. [edit] A Princes Duty Concerning Military Matters (Chapter 14) Machiavelli believes that a princes main focus should be on perfecting the art of†¦show more content†¦Machiavelli says this required inhuman cruelty which he refers to as a virtue. Scipios men, on the other hand, were known for their mutiny and dissension, due to Scipios excessive mercy - which was however a source of glory because he lived in a republic. [edit] In what way princes should keep their word (Chapter 18) Machiavelli notes that a prince is praised for keeping his word. However, he also notes that a prince is also praised for the illusion of being reliable in keeping his word. A prince, therefore, should only keep his word when it suits his purposes, but do his utmost to maintain the illusion that he does keep his word and that he is reliable in that regard. Therefore, a prince should not break his word unnecessarily. As Machiavelli notes, â€Å"He should appear to be compassionate, faithful to his word, guileless, and devout. And indeed he should be so. But his disposition should be such that, if he needs to be the opposite, he knows how.† As noted in chapter 15, the prince must appear to be virtuous, and should be virtuous, but he should be able to be otherwise when the time calls for it; that includes being able to lie, though however much he lies he should always keep the appearance of being truthful. [edit] Avoiding contempt and hatred (Chapter 19) Machiavelli observes that most men are content as long as they are not deprived of their property and women. A prince should command respect through his conduct, because aShow MoreRelatedThe Transformative Works Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince ( 1532 ) And Thomas More s Utopia1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe transformative works Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince (1532) and Thomas More’s Utopia (1516) display vastly different opinions and perspectives on the relationship between virtue and politics, however some minor similarities between the two works can be noted. The Prince and Utopia create significant contributions to political theory offering different central claims on virtue and its relationship with politics. 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Though he is seemingly expressing his thoughts about how men should approach their journey to princedom in his book, The Prince, there is an underlying cynical discernment about the dark shadow of human nature, perhaps a perception that stemmed fromRead MoreEssay about Plato vs Machiavelli1052 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli, the distinction of virtue versus virtu sticks out like a sore thumb. Virtue was the political bases for Plato: All men should behave virtuously at all times. Whereas Machiavelli believed virtu was the basis for political prowess. What was best for the state as a whole was the main concern, and the ends always justified the means. Plato’s object was the creation of a utopian society--a civilization that abhorred war and centered itself upon moral virtue and honor. He saw war as evil;

Holding Parents Responsible for the Anti-Social and...

Holding Parents Responsible for the Anti-Social and Criminal Behaviour of their Children The case for holding parents responsible for the anti-social and criminal behaviour of their children has been long disputed. This essay will assess whether parents should in fact be held responsible or whether the child should be punished for their behaviour. Many areas will be discussed, the first of which will be the historical context of criminalizing motherhood. The first issue in this section is whether family factors, such as poor parental supervision, are an influence on behaviour as investigated by researchers such as the Committee for Investigating the Causes of the Alarming Increase of Juvenile†¦show more content†¦The final theory to be discussed will be ‘control theory’ first thought of by Hirschi et al in 1969. They sought to explain delinquency by the â€Å"failure of social bonding processes† (Maguire et al, 2002: 521). The argument for and against parent orders will be examined as single mothers and mothers in general are being drawn into the criminal justice system and whether they are truly to blame needs to be looked at. In 1816, the Committee for Investigating the Causes of the Alarming Increase of Juvenile Delinquency in the Metropolis stated that inadequate family discourse was to blame for delinquency, it was in their report that the term ‘juvenile delinquency’ was first used . This included the neglect of parental authority, permitting absence form school and disproportionate severity in punishment (University of California, 2004). I think that this is still the case today as if children are absent from school, they get bored and turn to criminal conduct to keep themselves occupied. Also if parents do not discipline children properly when they are young, they will not learn correctShow MoreRelatedChild Development And Its Effects On Children2377 Words   |  10 Pagesalarming number of children around the world who are convicted for various crimes are usually deprived of their needs and rights and held in detention without sufficient care. While the condition stresses on the im provement of these children, still there are issues of severe deprivation. Moreover, most of them are not been liked and yet are being held for months, often without access to legal aids, resulting that the majority of children come to conflicts with law. Some of these children are from the disadvantagedRead MoreSafeguarding Children3698 Words   |  15 Pagesthe Wellbeing of Children and Young People. Question 1 We use legislation, guidelines and policies and procedures to safeguard children. It is important that we use these guidelines as it does affect the way we treat and protect children in our care. Here are some guidelines, legislations and policies and procedures: * The children Act 1989 for England and Wales * The children Act 2004 * Children Order 1995 – Northern Ireland * Working together to Safeguard Children 2006 * KeighleyRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 Pagesassociated with development. These includes; poverty, rapid population growth, unemployment, urbanization, industrialization, inadequate shelter and housing, youth unemployment, and under employment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequate provision of social services and inability of the educational system to respond to new challenges. From the word â€Å"juvenile delinquency†, â€Å"juvenile† means young people while delinquency means young offenders that are guilty of minor crime or misdeed. Juvenile delinquencyRead MoreRelated Literature for Bullying7058 Words   |  29 Pagesfreedom of a minor student SEC. 3. Cyber-bullying is any conduct defined in Section 2 of this Act which are made tluough electronic devices such as, bust are not limited to texting, instant messaging, chatting, Internet and social networking websites. For purposes of this Act, the phrase acts of bullying shall include the acts enumerated under Section 2 and Cyber-bullying as defined under this Section. SEC. 4. School policy - All schools, colleges or universitiesRead MoreDiploma in Children’s and Young People’s Workforce Cypop 5 Understand How to Set Up a Work Based Child Care Servic2658 Words   |  11 Pages The current Legislation for home based childcare and the Role of Regulatory Bodies Registration By law all providers of home based childcare in England that care for children under the age of eight, must be registered with the regulatory body Ofsted. Ofsted keeps two childcare registers; the Early Years register (for children from birth to Preschool age five) and the Childcare register (for school ages five to eight years). To register a number of legal criteria must be in place; Valid PaediatricRead MoreHow to Safeguard the Well-Being of Children and Young People6459 Words   |  26 Pagesthe well-being of children and young people 1.Understand the main legislation guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding children and young people 1.1 Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people Polices and procedures for safeguarding and child protection in England and Wales are the result of the Children Act 1989 and in Northern Ireland of the Children (Northern Ireland)Read MoreEntitlement And Provision For Early Years Education4717 Words   |  19 Pagesearly intervention and childcare for all children under the age of five years old. Nursery schools are predominantly attached to a Surestart centre, which work with children and parents providing education for both, full day care provision, parenting advice, and health and family support, or to a primary school. Where as pre schools and playgroups are normally privately owned and operated, offering childcare, play and education activities. Since 2004 all children in the UK aged 3 and 4 years old haveRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 Pagesbattlefield between supernatural forces of good and bad Deviance = sin Cause and cure of deviant behaviour in the realm of the supernatural Deviance has cosmic consequences 1. Harmful to victims 2. God 3. The entire cosmos Two paths to Demonic Deviance Temptation Model: Individuals are tempted and persuaded by the devil Path of position (possession): Individuals lacks choice, not responsible for actions. The solution to this possession is exorcism How to diagnose the Handiwork of the DevilRead MoreImpact of Socio-Economic and Cultural Changes on the Personality Development of Adolescents8858 Words   |  36 Pagesstrata of the socio-economic system owing to the first moving cultural transformation and globalization. Social changes may be defined as the significant alteration of social structures (patterns of action and interaction) including consequences and manifestations of such structures embodied in norms, values, cultural products and symbols. It occurs in families, communities, nations and in all social institutions. More importantly, it is observed with greater concern that these changes are creating anRead MoreEssay on Cyp 3.310914 Words   |  44 Pagessafeguarding ofChildren and young people. Nspcc Nspcc is providing help and support for children who are in poverty or in danger and make a difference for all children. UK is registered with Nspcc and gets help for children who are in the country. They provide service, advice, support, campaigning and education activities for children. The NSPCCs local services will concentrate on important issues and groups of children most at risk: †¢ those who experience neglect †¢ physical abuse in high-risk families

The Maturation of Bilbo Baggins Essay - 1382 Words

In the fantasy novel The Hobbit, by J.R. Tolkien there are a lot of obstacles the character Bilbo Baggins has to confront. Throughout the book Bilbo seems to take on different challenges, which allow him to mature faster in a way that the Shire would not allow. In the Shire, Bilbo was just a normal hobbit who minded his own business and was never late for dinner. But after Gandalf and the dwarves came knocking on his door, his whole life seemed to change in an instant and it kept changing in a way that Bilbo had no control over. The farther that Bilbo moved through this journey the more he opened up to the world. At the shire Bilbo could have been considered a child in some ways because, he knew of no evil that existed outside of his world†¦show more content†¦The next metamorphosis was in the troll chapter when Bilbo had to steal from the trolls in order for the group to survive. First off Bilbo has never stolen before or even tired to steal from anyone. But because the tro lls feel Bilbo is a burglar they pressure him to steal from the trolls. Seeing how Bilbo is not skilled at this at all he messes up. He felt he needed to bring something back from the trolls so he tried to pick pocket one of the trolls, unknowingly this troll has a talking wallet. So in the end Bilbo gets caught and ends up getting all the trolls caught. Again Bilbo is trying to prove himself to the dwarves, so by trying to get past the goblins in the coming chapters he gets hurtled into a hole and ends up in a dreary under land with Gollum. Here Bilbo has a riddle competition with Gollum in order to try and win his help with getting out of the wet and damp cave. When Bilbo finally tricked Gollum and found the ring that turned him invisible. He now had to escape; in doing this he ended up following Gollum out to the exit and then jumping over him. No great leap for man, but a leap in the dark. Straight over Gollums head he jumped, seven feet forward and three in the air; indeed, had he known it, he only just missed cracking his skull on the low arch ofShow MoreRelatedA Dog s Head By Jean Dutourd1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdocuments the evolution of a characters’ identity, and how these characters are often changed by their experiences. In the novel The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkein, the main character Bilbo embarks on an adventure which expands his identity and knowledge in terms of what form of identity fits him best, either Took or Baggins. In the novel A Dog’s Head by Jean Dutourd, the main character Edmond, who has a body of a human and the head of a dog, goes through a constant struggle of whether to identify withRead More The Unexpected Journey Essay2259 Words   |  10 Pagesbelonged to the hobbit, Bilbo Baggins. Bilbo, the protagonist of the story, lived a simple, happy life and wouldn’t want to chang e a thing. 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(Page: 1990: 111) These older associations have coloured more recent fantasy, Tolkien deriving his own ‘Mirkwood Forest’ from the Norse name and sending his protagonist Bilbo Baggins to get lost and found in its depths. ‘Mirkwood is not an invention of mine, but a very ancient name, weighted with legendary associations†¦from the beginning weighted with the sense of gloom.’ (Humphrey: 1981: 43) * Into this dangerous literaryRead MoreBilbo Baggins (The Hobbit) and Meggie Folcharts (Inkheart) Journey to Maturity2271 Words   |  10 Pagesthis transformation from leaving their ‘homes’; Bilbo and his hobbit hole in Bags-End, and Meggie and her father, Mo, and her beloved books. Both are attached to their ‘homes’, and feel anxious and lonely without them, Bilbos and Meggies journeys are how, when seperated from their homes, they perservere through their insecurities and doubt and become stronger and more self-reliant by the end of their respected texts. 1. Bilbo Baggins Bilbo Baggins’ hobbit hole is his happy home, where for fiftyRead MoreHobbit Shake Guide6595 Words   |  27 PagesChapter One: An Unexpected Party Summary We are introduced to hobbits and to Bilbo Baggins, a stay-at-home, utterly respectable hobbit with a secret desire for adventure. Bilbo receives a visit from Gandalf the wizard. The next Wednesday Gandalf returns for tea, bringing with him a party of thirteen dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield. Despite misgivings on both sides, on Gandalfs recommendation the dwarves hire Bilbo as Burglar on an expedition to the Lonely Mountain, where they plan to recoverRead MoreEffects of love relationship on the academic performance10274 Words   |  42 Pagesfor the help and reminders they have imparted and for the cheers that made him feel happy despite the hectic and stress-full schedules. To Katniss Everdeen, Peeta Mellark, Gale Hawthorne, Charlie, Sam and Morrie, Legolas of the Woodland Realm, Bilbo Baggins, Thorin, Gandalf, Monkey D. Luffy, Shanks le Roux, and Aragorn Elassar for being an inspiration for him not to give up with all the challenges and to bring out the best that he can be. To his loving parents, Mr. Pedro and Celeste Caliwara,

Behind the Mind of a Serial Killer Essay Example For Students

Behind the Mind of a Serial Killer Essay Behavior is sometimes defined as the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment. But what is it that effects our behavior? What allows us to think the way we think behave the way we behave act the way we act? Could it be the way a certain individual is brought up, and how this person was raised? Or does it have more to do with biological design of the human mind? Could certain people simply have a certain type of behavior coursing through their veins? How does one explain the behavior of a serial killer? In the this paper, I will attempt to show the difference between the psychopath and the psychotic, and explain how the environment, upbringing, and treatment of serial killers led them to become who they are today. Most serial killers can be placed in one of two categories: the psychopath and the psychotic. Psychotics are clearly insane, and fail to perceive reality correctly. However, very few serial killers fall into this category. Most serial killers can be placed in one of two categories: the psychopath and the psychotic. Psychotics are clearly insane, and fail to perceive reality correctly. However, very few serial killers fall into this category. Most serial killers have an elaborate scheme, or method of going about things. They think things through evaluate what the situation could bring to them. This stems from a long line of abuse/intolerance/dysfunction during their early childhood years. Many people may even go so far as to view certain serial killers as geniuses, in the respect that their actions are so well thought out, so very carefully planned. These types of serial killers would fall under the psychopath category. A psychopath, also known as a sociopath, does not suffer from a mental illness, wherein their biology and genes have nothing to do with the way they are. A psychopath, rather, suffers from a severe form a character flaw, again, resulting, most probably, due to the way they were brought up, their environment, and the way they were treated mistreated by family, especially that of the immediate kind. One thing to note about the psychopath, however: the majority of the time, they realize the crime they are committing is wrong. This does not concern them, however, as they feel their need to kill and punish is greater than any rule or law. (1994, Serial Killers, Time Life Book) Psychopaths are usually very clever, very deceitful, and very normal upon first glance. They look like everyone else, and behave like everyone else when in the company of others. Deep into the depths of their mind, however, they are working up an elaborate plan on how to catch their prey tonight. They have a need to kill, and an elaborate scheme to fit the pieces of the puzzle. Their need to kill stems from the way they were treated in the past. Some serial killers hold a resentment towards their parents, fathers in particular, who dismissed them from their lives, or abused and harmed them when they were children. Take, for example, John Wayne Gacy. During Gacys late teens, he suffered some turmoil with his father, although relations with his mother and sisters were very strong. John Wayne Gacy, Sr. was an abusive alcoholic who physically abused his wife and verbally assaulted his children. Although John Sr. was an unpleasant individual, young Gacy deeply loved his father and wanted desperately to gain his devotion and attention. However, his father would drink himself to a stupor and physically and verbally abuse young Gacy. He would call him a queer and a mamas boy, and seemingly avoided his son at all costs. Unfortunately, Gacy was never able to get very close to his father before he died, something which he regretted his entire life. (www.crimelibrary.com) This type of behavior, presented to a child at a young age, is bound to stir up some troubled emotions. .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 , .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .postImageUrl , .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 , .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423:hover , .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423:visited , .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423:active { border:0!important; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423:active , .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423 .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3cdc094450abee467c46f4e2bcd42423:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dea sea scrolls imperfection Essay Gacy was to never get over his father calling his only son a queer. During a three-year period, Gacy would go on to viciously torture, rape and murder over 30 young boys, who would later be discovered buried under the floorboards of his home. Another notorious serial killer whose killings were based on major events that occurred to him during his adolescent years is the infamous Ted Bundy. Bundy grew up with a family of all women. He never knew .